特点
后进先出(Last In First Out)
链栈
栈的链接存储结构成为链栈,利用链表实现,链表中的每一个元素由两部分信息组成,一部分是存储其本身的信息(数据域),一部分是存储一个指示其直接后继的信息,即直接后继的存储位置(指针域)
对于链式栈,无栈满的问题,空间可以扩充,插入与删除仅在栈顶处执行,链式栈的栈顶在链头。
入栈操作:插入一个新元素node,只能在链接在栈顶处,指针域指向原栈顶元素(node.next = top;),栈顶指针top再指向这个新元素(top = node) 出栈操作:只能删除栈顶元素,删除时,栈顶指针指向原来栈顶元素的指针域。node = top; top = top.next; return node.data;
javascript
class Node {
constructor(element) {
this.element = element
this.next = null
}
}
/**
* 属性:
* length:栈的长度
* top:栈顶指针
*
* 方法:
* push:入栈
* pop:出栈
* peek:读栈顶数据元素
* toSting:遍历栈将每个节点值转换为字符串,并返回结果
* isEmpty:判断栈是否为空
* size:栈的数据元素个数
* clear:清除栈数据
*/
class LinkStack {
constructor() {
this.length = 0
this.top = null // 栈顶指针
}
push(element) {
let curNode
let node = new Node(element)
//如果栈顶是null则新元素节点直接作为栈顶
if (!this.top) {
this.top = node
} else {
// 将新元素节点取代栈顶,并且指向的节点是原来栈顶元素节点
curNode = this.top
node.next = curNode
this.top = node // 插入的新元素为栈顶
}
this.length++
}
pop() {
let curNode = this.top
if (this.top === null) {
return null
}
let element = curNode.element
this.top = curNode.next // 栈顶指针指向原来栈顶元素的指针域
this.length--
return element
}
peek() {
if (this.top === null) {
return null
}
return this.top.element
}
toString() {
let str = ''
let curNode = this.top
while (curNode) {
str += curNode.element + ','
curNode = curNode.next
}
str = str.slice(0, str.length - 1)
return str
}
isEmpty() {
return this.top === null
}
size() {
return this.length
}
clear() {
this.top = null
this.length = 0
}
}
const linkStack = new LinkStack()
let size = linkStack.size()
console.log('size:', size)
let isEmpty = linkStack.isEmpty()
console.log('isEmpty:', isEmpty)
let peek = linkStack.peek()
console.log('读取栈顶:', peek)
let pop = linkStack.pop()
console.log(pop, '出栈')
let toString = linkStack.toString()
console.log('toString:', toString)
linkStack.push('A')
linkStack.push('B')
linkStack.push('C')
linkStack.push('D')
toString = linkStack.toString()
console.log('toString:', toString)
pop = linkStack.pop()
console.log(pop, '出栈')
pop = linkStack.pop()
console.log(pop, '出栈')
pop = linkStack.pop()
console.log(pop, '出栈')
toString = linkStack.toString()
console.log('toString:', toString)
peek = linkStack.peek()
console.log('读取栈顶:', peek)
size = linkStack.size()
console.log('size:', size)
顺序栈
栈,又叫堆栈,比列表高效,因为栈内的元素只能通过列表的一端访问,称为栈顶,数据只能在栈顶添加或删除,遵循先入后出(LIFO,last-in-first-out) 的原则,普遍运用于计算机的方方面面
顺序栈:利用一组地址连续的存储单元一次存放自栈底到栈顶的数据元素,把数组中下标为0的一端作为栈底对栈的操作主要有两种,一是将一个元素压入栈,push方法,另一个就是将栈顶元素出栈,pop方法。
javascript
/**
属性:
stackArray:存储栈数据
方法:
pop:出栈,删除栈顶元素,并且返回该值
push:入栈,在栈顶将新元素入栈
peek:查看当前栈顶元素,仅仅是查看,并不删除
isEmpty:判断是否为空
size:查看当前栈元素的总数
clear:清空栈内元素
toString:遍历栈查看所有元素
*/
class ArraySatck {
constructor() {
this.datas = []
}
isEmpty() {
return this.datas.length === 0
}
size() {
return this.datas.length
}
push(item) {
this.datas.push(item)
}
pop() {
if (this.isEmpty()) {
return null
}
return this.datas.pop() // 原生js数组pop方法删除最后一个元素并且返回
}
peek() {
if (this.isEmpty()) {
return null
}
return this.datas[this.size() - 1]
}
clear() {
this.datas = []
}
toString() {
return this.datas.toString()
}
}
const arraySatck = new ArraySatck()
let isEmp = arraySatck.isEmpty()
console.log('是否为空', isEmp)
length = arraySatck.size()
console.log('栈长度', length)
let pop = arraySatck.pop()
console.log(pop + '出栈')
let peek = arraySatck.peek()
console.log('查看栈顶', peek)
let str = arraySatck.toString()
console.log('toSting', str)
arraySatck.push('A')
arraySatck.push('B')
arraySatck.push('C')
arraySatck.push('D')
arraySatck.push('E')
isEmp = arraySatck.isEmpty()
console.log('是否为空', isEmp)
length = arraySatck.size()
console.log(length)
pop = arraySatck.pop()
console.log(pop + '出栈')
pop = arraySatck.pop()
console.log(pop + '出栈')
peek = arraySatck.peek()
console.log('查看栈顶', peek)
str = arraySatck.toString()
console.log('toSting', str)
arraySatck.clear()
str = arraySatck.toString()
console.log('after clear toSting', str)
let arr = arraySatck.datas
console.log('datas', arr)